Wall tiles can be applied over a range of surfaces including plasterboard fibre cement board plywood solid plaster brick or blockwork.
Tiling on mdf.
As jit says the mdf has sucked out the moisture from the adhesive leaving it powdery remove tiles and scrape of remaining adhesive give a rub over with course grit sandpaper p60 will do it you need to seal the mdf prior to tiling not pva though use an acrylic primer or sbr.
It is recommended to sand the floor using 80 grit sandpaper.
You have got to size the mdf with a pva and water.
I primed the mdf with standard primer and attached the tiles using the wickes equivalent of no more nails then used standard grout when glue was dry.
At a minimum it should be moisture resistant better still external grade.
If the mdf shows any sign of moving or flexing gun a nail of silcone can be used to stick the tiles as it will have a little give in it.
Can i tile over mdf board.
Space the field and edge fasteners correctly the top layer of plywood should be screwed down every 8 inches on the edge and every 6 inches in the field or interior section.
Laying tile to veneer plywood risks loosening and unbonding the veneer creating an unstable base for the tile.
In either case i would not use mdf myself.
What type of mdf is it.
The tiles are absolutely solid and after two months there is no sign of anything moving or falling off.
After the tile has been sanded clean and remove all particles and dust before applying a floor leveler product to fill in grout lines and level the surface completely for the new tile application.
You find that even paint will not stck without.
Bare plasterboard mdf or particleboard should be sealed.
Mdf board or chipboard can also be tiled over but not in wet or humid areas.